Muhammad Husain Nur Faiz Assyifa
Asih Ernawati, Ph.D
Critical Writing
23 September 2022
How to Studying
Effective
Before
you studying you must know how to studying effective because you will find the
best thing to studying more effective to get your goal. Tips to studying
effective they are, first, get organized. Carry a homework planner at all times. Entering homework,
projects, tests and assignments as soon as they are assigned will make sure
they aren’t forgotten about. Second, pay attention in class. It’s important to
concentrate and avoid distractions when the teacher is speaking. Practice
active listening by concentrating on what’s being said and taking notes in your
own words. This will help make sure you hear (and understand) what is being
taught in class. Third, steer clear distraction. Distractions are
everywhere—from cell phones to social media to friends. Be aware of what
distracts you in class and know how to steer clear of these distractions. Avoid
sitting next to friends if you know they will distract you. Turning off your
cell phone will also help make sure you are paying attention to your teacher.
Fourth, make sure notes are complete. Writing clear and complete notes in class
will help you process the information you are learning. These notes will also
become study notes that can be reviewed before a test. Talk to friends or the
teacher if you have missed a class to ensure your notes are complete. Fifth,
ask question if you don’t understand. Raise your hand and ask questions if you
don’t understand something. If you don’t feel comfortable asking in front of
everyone, write yourself a reminder to talk to the teacher after class. Sixth,
make a study schedule/plan. When making a study schedule, look at your planner
and think about what needs to be accomplished. Think about the types of
questions that will be on the test and the topics that will be covered so you
know what you should focus on. Set specific goals for each study session, like
how many topics you will cover by the end of the session. Seventh, review notes
from class every evening. After school, review and expand on the notes from
class. Reviewing notes helps move material learned from short-term memory into
long-term memory, which will help next time you have a big test. Eighth, talk
to teachers. Teachers are there to help you do your best. Talk to your teacher
and ask for clarification or extra help if you need it before your test. Taking
the initiative to ask for help goes a long way with teachers!. Ninth, designate
a study area. The best study spot is one that is quiet, well-lit, and in a
low-traffic area. Make sure there is a clear workspace to study and write on.
Everyone’s needs are different, so it is important you find a spot that works
for you. Tenth, study in short bursts. For every 30 minutes you study, take a
short 10-15 minute break to recharge. Short study sessions are more effective
and help you make the most of your study time. Find out more about taking a study break that works. Eleventh, simplify study notes. Make
studying less overwhelming by condensing notes from class. Underline or
highlight key words. Create visual aids like charts, story webs, mind maps, or
outlines to organize and simplify information and help you remember better.
Twelfth, study with a group. Working with classmates encourages an interactive
environment to keep you engaged. This gives you a chance to test your knowledge
with others, quiz each other on the content, and help boost each other’s
confidence.
In other source are,
reading is not studying because, imply reading and
re-reading texts or notes is not actively engaging in the material. It is
simply re-reading your notes. Only ‘doing’ the readings for class is not
studying. It is simply doing the reading for class. Re-reading leads to quick
forgetting.
Think
of reading as an important part of pre-studying, but learning information
requires actively
engaging in
the material (Edwards, 2014). Active engagement is the process of constructing
meaning from text that involves making connections to lectures, forming
examples, and regulating your own learning (Davis, 2007). Active studying does
not mean highlighting or underlining text, re-reading, or rote memorization.
Though these activities may help to keep you engaged in the task, they are not
considered active studying techniques and are weakly related to improved
learning (Mackenzie, 1994).
Ideas
for active studying include:
·
Create a study guide by topic. Formulate questions and problems
and write complete answers. Create your own quiz.
·
Become a teacher. Say the information aloud in your own words as
if you are the instructor and teaching the concepts to a class.
·
Derive examples that relate to your own experiences.
·
Create concept
maps or
diagrams that explain the material.
·
Develop symbols that represent concepts.
·
For non-technical classes (e.g., English, History, Psychology),
figure out the big ideas so you can explain, contrast, and re-evaluate them.
·
For technical classes, work the problems and explain the steps
and why they work.
·
Study in terms of question, evidence, and conclusion: What is
the question posed by the instructor/author? What is the evidence that they
present? What is the conclusion?
Organization
and planning will help you to actively study for your courses. When studying
for a test, organize your materials first and then begin your active reviewing
by topic (Newport, 2007). Often professors provide subtopics on the syllabi.
Use them as a guide to help organize your materials. For example, gather all of
the materials for one topic (e.g., PowerPoint notes, text book notes, articles,
homework, etc.) and put them together in a pile. Label each pile with the topic
and study by topics.
For
more information on the principle behind active studying, check out our
tipsheet on metacognition.
In other ways
you should follow this method, they are, Perform a resource reconnaissance. it down and make a list of what you
think will be on an exam or quiz. Next, write down all the resources you have
at your disposal to help you learn the information, such as taking a practice
exam or joining a study group.[1]
·
If
you are studying for an exam, look back on the previous quizzes. Some of that
information is bound to come up again.
·
Quizzes
are smaller than exams, and typically only cover information from the current
section or chapter.
·
If
you can't find a practice exam or study group, create your own!
Create a study plan. Once you figure out what you need to study and how you
will take advantage of the resources at your disposal, sit down and make a
study schedule. Block out periods of time within your schedule to dedicate to
studying and stick to the plan.[2]
·
You
can change your study schedule slightly, but try not to change it too much!
·
Make
sure you give yourself more time than you think you need, specially if it is a
subject that you struggle with.
Get in a positive mindset. You need to be in as positive a mindset as possible when you
sit down to study. If you are emotionally distracted, you will be less
effective at learning and retaining information. Try to think positively while
studying, and don’t compare yourself to others.[3]
·
Try
saying something positive to yourself before you being studying, like, "I
am going to ace this exam!"
·
If
you find yourself thinking negative thoughts like, "I’m going to fail that
quiz," stop the thought in its track. Replace it with a positive thought,
like, "I’m going to master this material and succeed!"
What to do for studying effectively, they are,
Space out your study sessions. As
noted above, it’s better to distribute the time you have available to study
over a greater number of shorter sessions than it is to cram your studying into
a single marathon session. In thinking about exploiting this ‘spacing effect’
in your own studying, you might wonder whether there is an optimal method of
spacing out your study sessions. Is there an ideal number of sessions? Is there
an optimal interval between sessions?
The good news is that simple guidelines on
scheduling your study sessions are sufficient. In terms of the number of
sessions you use, too few is more of a problem than too many. If you have 12 hours to dedicate to a topic, it’s better to
study over six two-hour-long sessions than it is to study over a couple of
six-hour-long sessions. In terms of the length of intervals between your
sessions, research indicates that longer intervals tend to be
associated (up to a point) with better retention. However, since studying often
takes place in a limited timeframe, you should prioritise the number of
sessions over getting the longest possible inter-session intervals. Next is, Alternate
between studying similar topics, We often believe that it’s
best to ‘block’ topics when studying – to allocate a period of time for one
topic, and to conclude a review of it before moving on to the next one.
However, contemporary research has consistently indicated that alternating
between different topics (referred to as ‘interleaving’) can be more effective,
especially for topics that are similar in nature and might otherwise be easily
conflated.
As an example, if you were learning about psychoactive
drugs (for a friend, of course), you’d probably want to look at different
classes of drugs: eg, stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens. Broadly
speaking, you could deal with these topics in one of two ways: blocking or
interleaving. The blocking approach would involve studying each class of drug
sequentially; you would conclude your review of stimulants in their entirety
before moving on to depressants and then hallucinogens. Alternatively, you
could interleave the classes of drugs by organising your studying around
categories of information within them. For example, their definitions,
exemplars, mechanism of action and profile of psychological effects.
Interleaving would involve first looking at a definition for each class of
drug, before moving on to an example from each class, followed by their
respective mechanisms of action, and then finally their profiles of
psychological effects.
Here’s a general rule of thumb you can follow in
figuring out whether it might be better to block or interleave your study
efforts. Research indicates that
interleaving seems to bias your attention towards looking for differences between
topics. Therefore, it’s most effective when you’re studying topics that are
similar (and require more effort to distinguish from each other). It’s also
effective under conditions where you have discretion about assigning
information to a category, as might be the case if you were classifying works
of art. In contrast, blocking seems to focus your attention on looking
for similarities between
topics. Therefore, it’s best used for topics that can be easily distinguished
and/or when category membership has been predetermined, such as would be the
case if you were learning about elements of the periodic table.
Conclusion,
student, I hope that you have learned some valuable study
strategies that you can apply presently and in the future. I'm sure that
your classmates and other peers will appreciate the work that you have done.
References
Emily Listmann, MA. wikiHow. 22 September
2022. 24 September 2022 <https://www.wikihow.com/Study-More-Effectively>.
Miligian, Ms. How To Study Effectively. n.d.
24 September 2022
<http://questgarden.com/107/26/4/100722164712/credits.htm>.
Oxford Learning. 19 April 2017. 23 September 2022 <https://www.oxfordlearning.com/how-to-study-effectively/>.
Penn, Paul. PSYCHE. 1 September 2021. 24
September 2022
<https://psyche.co/guides/how-research-from-psychology-can-help-you-study-effectively>.
The Learning Center . n.d. 9 September 2022
<https://learningcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/studying-101-study-smarter-not-harder/>.
Komentar
Posting Komentar